This paper explores past, present, and future issues intertwining political and environmental problems, conditions, and goals to be considered within any peace agreement between Syria and Israel. Land for peace initiatives tied to political sovereignty and environmental sustainability are emphasized within a bilateral context. The scarce waters of the Jordan River and the drying up of the Sea of Galilee, as well as desertification, over-population, dirty energy sources, the waste of the Golan Heights, and the likely use of weapons of mass destruction in another Middle East war, among other current and would-be problems, are specifically raised in the paper. The argument posed here is: any peace agreement between Syria and Israel will have to include specific treaty provisions on maintaining the ecology and protecting the natural resources of this area, even before distributional issues can be fully addressed and compromised. Indeed, the sustainability of any future political agreement will depend on both nations being good stewards of the land and living in cooperative peace. Hence, one should be convinced that the meaningful dyadic accomplishment of security, justice, prosperity, peace, and overall well-being requires preserving, if not improving, the ecology of this area. In addition to a bilateral treaty between Syria and Israel, a multilateral treaty establishing an eventual economic federation of nations, including some combination of nations such as Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan, and Palestine, is considered the best way to assure environmental protection for generations to come.